The Mer Bleue bog is situated just north of Carlsbad Springs, about 3 km on the edge of the main village area. It is home to many species of birds and insects and various plants. The Mer Bleue has a very interesting history. Mer Bleue Conservation Area
Geographical Coordinates: 45°22'N 75°30'W Area: 3,100ha Location: Situated in the National Capital Region less than
10km from Ottawa in the Province of Ontario. Date of Ramsar Designation: 26 September 1995 National Designations: Provincial wetland; Area of scientific interest Principal Features: Approximately 50% of Mer Bleue is a raised boreal peat dome Sphagnum bog, a biotope usually found much further north in Canada (in the northern boreal forest). Peat deposits in the bog proper are up to six metres thick. The borders of the bog form a typical lagg environment much of which has been transformed into pond and marsh by Castor canadensis. The hydrological features at this site are most unusual. Being a domed bog, water enters the bog mainly from natural precipitation creating oligotrophic conditions. The periphery of the bog is encircled by a mineral-enriched lagg which maintains a base water level for the bog. Drainage is poor due to underlying clay deposits as well as numerous beaver dams. Water eventually drains slowly via creeks. However, water levels remain at or near the surface of the bog for most of the year. Saline groundwater sources are found under the organic overburden. Previously, a number of ditches were dug in the bog for land reclamation or drainage of adjacent lands, however, most are no longer functioning efficiently due to the many beaver impoundments and to gradual sedimentation that has occurred along their lengths. The Sphagnum bog contains two main types of vegetation. The black spruce forest type is dominated by Picea mariana with some growth of Larix laricina, Populus tremuloides and Betula spp. Sphagnum spp. are the dominant low-lying form of vegetation in the bog. The heath type is composed of 12 species. The most common are Ledum groenlandicum, Chamaedaphne sp., Vaccinium oxycoccus, Kalmia polifolia and K. augustifolia. At least nine species of Orchidaceae are found in Mer Bleue along with a variety of Eriophorum spp. and Cyperaceae. The marsh areas around Mer Bleue are characterized by plants such as Typha sp., Alnus rugosa, Salix sp., and a variety of Cyperaceae. There are several aspen islands in the center of Mer Bleue consisting of an overstorey of aspen and an understorey dominated by bracken fern. The edges of the islands are surrounded by small bands of Typha sp. and some Alnus rugosa growth. The ridges of the site extend from the centre of the Conservation Area westwards. There is a wide mixture in the vegetation from early succession poplars and shrubs to some very large mature specimens of white pine, maple and ash. A section of this area includes a variety of hard andsoftwood plantations established by the Canadian Forest Service. The bog has a number of significant fauna because of its relatively undisturbed natural habitat and its uniqueness in representing a boreal habitat which is normally found much further north. At least 22 mammal species are present in or around Mer Bleue. Aquatic furbearers such as Castor canadensis, Ondatra canadensis and Mustela sp. live in the surrounding marshes. The spotfin shiner, a regionally rare fish, is found in Bear Brook Creek. Two rare beetles, Stenolophus magnasephalus and Agonum darlingtoni occur here. Clemmys guttata, a rare turtle in Canada, is found in the center of the bog. Eriophorum x porsildii, Listera australis and Torreychloa pallida are nationally significant plants occurring in the site. (Criteria 1b,1d,2a,2b). Conservation Issues: The Mer Bleue Conservation Area is part of 14,950ha of greenbelt lands owned by the National Capital Commission (NCC), a Crown Agency of the Canadian government. The area is protected by Federal statute, the National Commission Act. Within the Province of Ontario the bog is currently recognized as a Class I Provincial Wetland and an Area of Scientific Interest. One of the greenbelt's primary roles is the conservation and protection of natural ecosystems such as the Mer Bleue bog. A small area of some 73ha inside the Conservation Area is occupied by the Geomagnetic Laboratory and owned by Public Works and Government Services Canada. Approximately 480ha of the bog habitat is privately owned, most of which is located at the southeast corner of the bog. There are also one regional and two municipal roads within the Conservation Area. Land uses inside the site include recreation (wildlife observation, nature trails, berry-picking, snowshoeing, cross-country skiing), research (by universities, government agencies and conservation groups), agriculture (market gardens, cropland, pasture, egg production), residences (less than 30 single family units owned and rented by NCC) and a business. Land use in the surrounding area includes residential properties, agricultural lands, a landfill site and land held for speculation. Damming by Castor canadensis has the potential to convert bog vegetation to marsh communities. There is a concern about the spread of invasive plant species in particular Lythrum salicaria. This species is highly invasive and constitutes a significant threat to native wetland plant communities. To a lesser degree, other invasives such as Rhamnus frangula and Hydrocharis morsus-ranae are also present. The bog surface is very sensitive to uncontrolled recreational uses such as berrypicking, and off-trail excursions. As bogs are extremely sensitive to changes in water levels and nutrient concentrations, a number of existing factors in the surrounding area and catchment have the potential to affect water quality and quantity. A landfill site is adjacent to the bog. There is proposed nearby development of urban communities. Municipal drainage ditches cross the bog. Drainage and filling on privately owned parts of bog ecosystem could take place. Agriculture practices on adjacent lands could have impacts. Recommendations have been made to acquire additional adjacent wetland areas that are part of the natural bog ecosystem and incorporate them into the Conservation Area. At present, the NCC is completing a Master Plan for the greenbelt that includes the Mer Bleue Conservation Area. copyright Stéphanie Rose Labrèche     
    
    
   
----------------------- - copyright Robert R. Williams
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Bearbrook Farm
